영어 원문

What is the origin of lunar craters, and why are there so many of them? Until a few decades ago it was generally believed that the craters on the Moon were due to volcanic activity, as is the case for terrestrial craters such as Vesuvius and Fujiyama. But further studies have shown that this is not the case. Indeed, whereas the volcanic craters on the Earth usually have the shape of a sharply rising cone with a comparatively small depression on the top, a lunar crater looks more like a football stadium with a wide flat arena and a ring of stands around it. A formation of that kind could hardly be interpreted as the result of eruption of moten material from under the surface. On the other hand, there is a remarkable similarity between the lunar craters and the crater in Arizona which was proved to be due to the impact of a huge meteorite. When a massive object traveling at a velocity of about 10 miles per second strikes the ground, a tremendous amount of heat is developed at the point of impact. The meteorite itself and the ground in which it is buried melt and partially evaporate, throwing the material up and out in a large circle. The meteorite which produced Arizona's crater must have weighed about 200,000 tons and had a diameter of about 100 feet.

Craters of a size comparable to that in Arizona occur on the Moon in large numbers. The bigger craters must have been made by much larger meteorites. The crater Archimedes, which is 40 miles in diameter, was probably produced by a meteorite weighing about 25 billion tons; and the largest lunar crater, Clavius (146 miles in diameter), must have been the result of collision with a piece of cosmic matter weighing at least 200 billion tons. In the latter case, the meteorite must have been about four miles in diameter, comparable to a fairly large mountain on the Earth.

주제

달분화구 발생의 근원

해석

【Paragraph 1】

What is the origin of lunar craters, and why are there so many of them?

달분화구의 근원은 무엇이며, 왜 그렇게 많은 분하구가 생겨났을까?

※ lunar crater 달분화구

Until a few decades ago it was generally believed that the craters on the Moon were due to volcanic activity, as is the case for terrestrial craters such as Vesuvius and Fujiyama.

몇십년 전까지만 해도 달분화구도 Vesuvius나 Fujiyama같은 지구상의 분화구들의 경우와 마찬가지로 화산활동에 의해 생겨났다고 일반적으로도 믿고 있었다.

※ volcanic activity 화산활동

※ terrestrial [tiréstriəl]

① 지구[상]의

ex-1) a terrestrial globe 지구[의(儀)]

ex-2) terrestrial magnetism 지자기(地磁氣)

② 뭍의, 육지의

③【식물】육생(陸生)의;【동물】육서(陸棲)의

ex) terrestrial animals 육서 동물

④ 현세의, 속세의

But further studies have shown that this is not the case.

그러나 좀더 많은 연구의 결과 달분화구는 그 경우가 아님이 드러났다.

Indeed, whereas the volcanic craters on the Earth usually have the shape of a sharply rising cone with a comparatively small depression on the top, a lunar crater looks more like a football stadium with a wide flat arena and a ring of stands around it.

사실 지구상의 화산 분화구는 항상 정상에 비교적 작은 함몰(움푹 파인 곳)이 있는 가파른 원뿔모양(화산추)을 하고 있는데 반해서, 달 분화구는 넓고 평평한 운동장과 주변을 감싼 스탠드를 갖추고 있는 축구장과도 흡사하다.

※ cone [koun]

【기하】원추형, 원추; 원추형의 것

ex-1) a circular cone 원추

ex-2) an elliptical cone 타원추

ex-3) a right circular cone 직원추

ex-4) an ice-cream cone 아이스크림을 담는 원추형 웨이퍼

※ depression (지반의) 함몰

※ arena [ərí:nə]

① 투기장(鬪技場) [고대 로마의 원형 경기장(amphitheater) 중앙에 모래를 깔아서 만들었다]

② [일반적으로] 시함장

ex) a boxing arena 권투 경기장

③ 활동 장소, [투쟁ㆍ경쟁 따위의] 무대, 세계

ex-1) the literary arena 문단

ex-2) enter the political arena 정계에 들어가다

A formation of that kind could hardly be interpreted as the result of eruption of moten material from under the surface.

그런 종류의 형성은 지각속으로부터 용암이 분출돼 만들어진 것으로 설명하기에는 힘들다.

※ eruption of molten material 용해된 물질의 분출

On the other hand, there is a remarkable similarity between the lunar craters and the crater in Arizona which was proved to be due to the impact of a huge meteorite.

다른 한편으로는 거대한 운석의 충돌로 인해서 생겨났다고 입증된 아리조나에 있는 분화구와 달분화구는 주목할만한 유사점이 있다.

※ impact 충돌, 충격

※ meteorite [mí:tiəràit] 운석, 별똥별

When a massive object traveling at a velocity of about 10 miles per second strikes the ground, a tremendous amount of heat is developed at the point of impact.

초당 약10마일의 속도로 움직이는 거대한 물체가 지표면에 부딪칠 때, 어마어마한 양의 열이 충돌지점에서 발생하게 된다.

※ velocity 속력, 속도

※ tremendous 엄청나게 큰

※ the point of impact 충돌지점

The meteorite itself and the ground in which it is buried melt and partially evaporate, throwing the material up and out in a large circle.

그리하여 (떨어진) 운석자체와 그것이 파묻힌 자리가 녹아서는 부분적으로 증발하는데, 그 녹은 물질들을 큰 원형을 이루어 위로 올려 밖으로 밀어내게 된다.

※ evaporate 증발하다

The meteorite which produced Arizona's crater must have weighed about 200,000 tons and had a diameter of about 100 feet.

아리조나 분화구를 만든 운석은 무게가 약 20만톤 정도는 되었을 것이 틀림없고 직경은 100피트 정도는 됐을 것이다.

※ diameter 직경

【Paragraph 2】

Craters of a size comparable to that in Arizona occur on the Moon in large numbers.

아리조나의 것과 견줄만한 크기의 분화구가 달에는 많다

The bigger craters must have been made by much larger meteorites.

더 큰 크기의 분화구는 훨씬 더 큰 유성에 의해 만들어졌음에 틀림없다.

The crater Archimedes, which is 40 miles in diameter, was probably produced by a meteorite weighing about 25 billion tons; and the largest lunar crater, Clavius (146 miles in diameter), must have been the result of collision with a piece of cosmic matter weighing at least 200 billion tons.

직경이 40마일이나 되는 아르키메데스 분화구는 250억톤의 무게를 가진 운석에 의해 만들어진 것 같고 직경이 146마일인 가장 큰 달의 분화구인 클라비우스는 적어도 2000억 톤 정도는 나가는 우주물체의 한 파편과의 충돌로 생겨났음에 틀림없다.

※ collision [kəlíʒ(ə)n]

① 충돌(crash);【물리】[부자 따위의] 충돌

ex) the collision between two dump trucks 두 대의 덤프 트럭의 충돌

② [이해 관계 따위의] 충돌, 알력 (conflict), 부조화

※ cosmic [kázmik] 우주의

In the latter case, the meteorite must have been about four miles in diameter, comparable to a fairly large mountain on the Earth.

후자의 경우 운석은 직경이 4마일 정도가 되며 지구상의 매우 큰 산과 견줄만한 정도이다.