영어 원문

The development of Jamestown in Virginia during the second half of the seventeenth century was closely related to the making and use of bricks. There are several practical reasons why bricks became important to the colony. Although the forests could initially supply sufficient timber, the process of lumbering was extremely difficult, particularly because of the lack of roads. Later, when the timber on the peninsula had been depleted, wood had to be brought from some distance. Building stone was also in short supply. However, as clay was plentiful, it was inevitable that the colonists would turn to brickmaking.

In addition to practical reasons for using brick as the principal construction material, there was also an ideological reason. Brick represented durability and permanence. The Virginia Company of London instructed the colonists to build hospitals and new residences out of brick. In 1662, the Town Act of the Virginia Assembly provided for the construction of thirty-two brick buildings and prohibited the use of wood as a construction material. Had this law ever been successfully enforced, Jamestown would have been a model city. Instead, the residents failed to comply fully with the law; and by 1699 Jamestown had collapsed into a pile of rubble with only three or four habitable houses.

주제

미국식민지 개척 초기에 건축재로 벽돌이 쓰이게 된 이유들

해석

【Paragraph 1】

The development of Jamestown in Virginia during the second half of the seventeenth century was closely related to the making and use of bricks.

17세기 후반동안 버지니아의 Jamestown의 개발은 벽돌제조 및 그 사용과 밀접한 관련이 있다.

※ development [divéləpmənt]

개발

※ during the second half of the seventeenth century 17세기 후반동안

※ be closely related to N ∼와 밀접한 관계가 있다

There are several practical reasons why bricks became important to the colony.

벽돌이 식민지에서 중요한 자리를 차지했던 몇가지 실제적 이유가 있다.

※ brick [brik]

벽돌;【총칭적】벽돌류

ex-1) a fire brick 내화(耐火) 벽돌

ex-2) houses built of brick 벽돌집

ex-3) as dry as a brick 벽돌 건물

Although the forests could initially supply sufficient timber, the process of lumbering was extremely difficult, particularly because of the lack of roads.

비록 숲들이 충분한 목재를 우선 공급할 수는 있었지만 제재과정은 극히 곤란했다. 특히 도로가 빈약하기 때문에.

※ initially 우선, 일차적으로

※ timber [tímbər]

재목, 목재.

※ lumber [lmbər]

① [어느 토지에서] [나무]를 베어 내다

② ∼을 난잡하게 쌓아올리다

③ [장소]를 잡동사니로 메우다, 어지르다【O up】

ex) lumber up a room with papers 방을 서류로 어지르다

※ the process of lumbering 제재(製材) 과정

Later, when the timber on the peninsula had been depleted, wood had to be brought from some distance.

그 뒤에 그 반도에 있는 목재가 고갈되어 버리자, 나무를 원거리에서 실어와야만 했다.

※ deplete [diplí:t]

① ∼을 감소시키다 (decrease); ∼을 비우다 (empty); ∼을 고갈(소모)케 하다

②【외과】∼에서 방혈(放血)하다, 체액을 제거하다

※ from some distance 원거리에서, 먼 곳에서

↔ from short distance 가까운 곳에서

Building stone was also in short supply.

건축용 석재[돌]도 또한 공급이 달렸다.

※ be in short supply 공급이 달리다

However, as clay was plentiful, it was inevitable that the colonists would turn to brickmaking.

그러나 진흙이 풍부했기 때문에, 이주자들이 벽돌제조에 의존하게 된 것은 필연적이었다.

※ clay [klei]

흙 (earth), 진흙 (mud)

ex-1) die and turn to clay 죽어서 흙이 되다

ex-2) have feet of clay 다리가 튼튼하지 못하다, 넘어지기 쉽다

※ inevitable [inévitəbl]

피할 수 없는, 면할 수 없는, 필연적인

ex-1) an inevitable result [어떻게 해도 그렇게 될] 필연적인 결과

ex-2) one's inevitable fate 피할 수 없는 운명

※ turn to N

∼을 믿다(의지하다); 참조하다

ex-1) turn to God in one's trouble 어려울 때 신에게 의지하다

ex-2) For relaxation he turns to tennis. 기분전환을 위해 그는 테니스를 친다.

ex-3) Why not turn to this book? 왜 이 책을 참조하지 않는가?

※ brickmaking [bríkmèikiŋ]

벽돌 제조

【Paragraph 2】

In addition to practical reasons for using brick as the principal construction material, there was also an ideological reason.

주요 건축재로서 벽돌을 사용하게 된 실제적인 이유 이외에도 하나의 관념적인 이유도 있었다.

※ in addition to N ∼외에

※ the principal construction material 주요 건축재

※ ideological reason 관념적인 이유

Brick represented durability and permanence.

벽돌은 내구성과 영속성을 의미했다.

※ durability [d(j)ù(:)rəbíliti]

내구력, 내구성, 지구력이 있음; 영속성.

※ permanence [p:rmenəns]

영구, 불변; 영속[성], 내구[성]

The Virginia Company of London instructed the colonists to build hospitals and new residences out of brick.

Virginia Company of London은 이주민들에게 벽돌로 병원들과 새 주택들을 짓는 법을 가르쳐 주었다.

※ residence [rézid(ə)ns]

주택, 주거; [큰, 훌륭한] 저택, 집

ex-1) an official residence 관저

ex-2) change one's residence 이사하다

In 1662, the Town Act of the Virginia Assembly provided for the construction of thirty-two brick buildings and prohibited the use of wood as a construction material.

1662년 버지니아의회의 도시건축법은 32개의 벽돌 건물을 건축하도록 규정했으며 건축재로 목재를 사용하는 것을 금지시켰다.

※ provide [prəváid] for

【법률】규정하다; 허용하다

※ thirty-two brick buildings 32개의 벽돌 건물

Had this law ever been successfully enforced, Jamestown would have been a model city.

이 법이 성공적으로 집행되었더라면 Jamestown은 모범도시가 되었을 것이다.

※ enforce [enfó:rs]

[법률 따위]를 시행하다, 실시하다, 집행하다

ex) enforce a law 법률을 시행하다

※ 가정법 과거완료(도치법)

Had this law ever been successfully enforced, Jamestown would have been a model city.

가정법 과거완료

① 화자가 과거의 사실을 역으로 가정하여 과거 사실을 후회할 때 쓰는 가정법. (가능성 무(無))

“∼했으면 …했을 텐데”ㆍ“∼했더라면 …했을 텐데.”

조건절	귀결절
If S had p.p.	S' would have p.p. should could might

② 도치법

화자가 과거의 사실을 역으로 가정하여 과거 사실을 후회할 때 쓰는 가정법. (가능성 무(無))

“∼했으면 …했을 텐데”ㆍ“∼했더라면 …했을 텐데.”

조건절	귀결절
Had S p.p.	S' would have p.p. should could might

Instead, the residents failed to comply fully with the law; and by 1699 Jamestown had collapsed into a pile of rubble with only three or four habitable houses.

그런데 그 대신에 주민들은 그 법을 충실히 지키지 못했으며, 1699년 무렵 Jamestown은 서너채의 살만한 집만이 있는 돌부스러기의 더미로 변해버렸다.

※ resident [rézid(ə)nt]

거주자, 정주자; 거류민

ex) summer residents 피서객

※ fail to BV ∼하지 못하다

※ comply [kəmplái] with

따르다, 동의하다, 승낙하다

ex-1) comply with a person's request 남의 요구에 응하다

ex-2) comply with a rule 규칙에 따르다

ex-3) He complied with a bad grace. 그는 마지못해 응낙했다.

ex-4) He complied with a good grace. 그는 쾌히 응낙했다.

※ collapse [kəlps]

[건조물 따위가] 무너지다, 붕괴하다

※ pile [pail]

쌓아 올린 것, 퇴적, [물건의] 더미 (heap)【of】

ex-1) a pile of boxes 상자 더미

ex-2) a pile of dishes 접시 더미

※ habitable [hbiəbl]

살 수 있는, 살기에 알맞은